Method of and apparatus for truing surfaces



Nov. zo', 1.1923;` 1,474,487

s. MILLER METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRUING SURFACES Filed MayV 1s.1922 s sheets-sheet 1 //3 liy/ vill/(A fNov. 20 1923. 1,474,487

S. MILLER METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRUING SUR-FACES FiledMay 13. 1922:s sheets-sheet 2 Nov. zo, 1923. 1,474,487

s. MILLER METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TRUING SYURFACVES v Filed May 15.1922 s sheets-sheet 5 c weight, readily taken apart Patented Nov. 20,'1923.

SIMON MILLER, or NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

METHOD or AND APPARA'rus EOETRUING su.Britons.1

Application filed May 13, 1922.

T 0 all whom t may concern Be it known that I, SIMON MILLER, a citizenof the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex andState of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Methods of and Apparatus for Truing Surfaces, fully described andrepresented in the following specification and the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to method of and apparatus for truing surfacesand more particularly to a portable surfacingmachine for truing woodensurfaces such as the surfaces of cutting blocks used by butchers andothers. The invention aims to provide a machine of this kind which shallbe of relatively light for transportation and set up vfor use, easilyoperated, and accurate and eiiicient in operation.

Difliculty has been experienced in the attempts heretofore made toprovide a surfacing apparatus having a circular saw cutter movededgewise over the surface being trued, owing to the friction of the sawagainst the cut surface, causing great resistance to the rotation of thesaw. A principal object of the present invention is to avoid thisdifficulty, and to this end the rotary cutter or saw, instead of beingmounted with its axis perpendicular 'to the V'direction ofcutting ortraversing movement, has its axis tipped slightlyV forward so that thesaw stands at a slight angle to thecutting plane with its under surface,or surfacewhich is toward the work, tilted slightly away from thesurface formed by the forward orvcutting portion of the periphery of thesaw. Friction between the surface of the saw and the newly formedsurface on the work or block is thus entirely or substantiallyeliminated, and the load on the driving shaft is greatly reduced,permitting the cutter to be operated by a much smaller electric motor,for example, than could otherwise be used without overloading, andpermitting the use of current from 4the ordinary lighting circuit. Thisavoidance of frictional Contact between the saw and the cut surface hasthe further advantage of preventing burning of the surface by the heatedsaw.

Other objects and advantages of the invention are hereinafter pointedout, or will appear from theI following description.

VAn organized portable block surfacing machine embodying the inventionVin thc Vshowing the block in form which I now consider best comprises asupportingframe having legs vofadjustable length and side members fwhich may be clamped against opposite sides ofthe block to be surfaced;a carriage of adjustable width removably mounted on the side'members ofthe frame and movable thereon to provide the feeding movement; a crossslide mounted on the carriage and movable thereon to give the cutter itstraversing or cutting movement; and an electric motor and cutter driventhereby mounted on the cross slide. The cutter comprises a circular sawmounted to move edgevvise in its ,feeding and traversing movements,- andclearing `blades above the saw to act when deep cuts are being made, thecutter being mounted with its axis tipped slightly forwardin thedirection of the traversing'movenient, in order to avoid frictionbetween the surface of the sa-w and the block. The, clearingblades aremost desirably formed and mounted in a. manner hereinafter described tokimprove the cutting action of the blades.

A full understandingvof the invention can best be given by a detaileddescription of an organized machine embodying. the various features ofthe invention, and such a'description will now be ygiven iny yconnectionwith the accompanying drawingsillustrating such a machine, and in whichFig. l is a side elevation of the ymachine indicating in dot 'andzdashlines a cutting block to which themachine is clamped;

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the machine indicating the cutting' blockin `dot and dash lines; v c

Fig. 3 is a plan view showingfthemachine sectioned ronV the line 3.-'3of Fig.'l, and

full lines; p

Fig. l is an enlarged fragmentary inside elevation of one of the siderails and one of the legs, showing lthe connection between the two;

F ig.l5 is a fragmentary vertical section' on theline 5 5 of Fig; 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary side view of one of the side membersof the fra-me and a portion of the carriage, showing one of the brushesfor "keeping the ways of the side members clear of sawdust and shavings;g

Fig. 7 is a vertical section on the line 7-7' of Fig. 6; 'v

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentaryhorizontal section on the line '8 8 ofFig. l,

showing the means for adjusting the length tween one or' the side platesand one oi the cross-bars or' the carriage;

Fig. 10 is an ,enlarged'vertical section on the line 10-10' oi' 3andFig. 11 show- `ing the cross slide and the vertical slide and l themeans for adjusting the tip of the axis vof the cutter in the directionoli' the Jfeeding movement; j Fig; 11is ya vertical section on the lineily-11 oVFig. 10, showing the means for adjusting the tip oi the axis ofthe cutter in the direction of the traversing movement;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary plan view of the parts shown in Figs. 10 and11;

Fig. 13 isv an enlarged elevation oi' the cutter showing the blocksectioned on the line 13-13 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 14 i-s -a vertical section oi the cutter and a portion oi the blocktaken on the line 14-14 of Figs. 3,13 and 15;

Fig'. 15 isa plan view or" the cutter and a portion of the block, thecutter being sectioned onthe line 15-15 or" Fig. 13;

Fig. 16 is an enlarged vfragmentary inside elevation .of `the fixed sideplate oi' the carriage, and of'one of t-lie side rails, showing the.parts of the locking mechanism mounted on that side plate;

Fig'.A 17 is an 'enlarged top viewV ot the parts shown in Fig. 16, theside plate being sectioned on' the line 17-17 of Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is an enlarged fragmentary end elevation sectioned on the axisof the locking shaft and showing the mounting of this shaft in -theladjustable side plate of the carfriage and i Fig. 19 is anenlarged'fragmentary inside elevation of .the adjustable side plate 'oi'the carriage showing the parts of the locking mechanism mounted uponthat plate.

The frame 10 of the machine shown in the drawings comprises two spaced.side niembers 11 and 11 =adjustable legs 12, 12" detachably secured tothe side members, and

adjustable tension members 13, for clamping the side members against thesides oi' a cutting block Aj Each of the legs 12, 12 comprises an upvpermember a channel iron and a lower member 15 also having the form of achanned iron and litting over and slidable'on the upper member 14, themembers 14 and 15 being secured together in adjusted position by meansof a bolt 16 and nut 17. A plurality of bolt holes 18 are provided inthe lower member 15 to 'permita-dj'u-stment of the vlength of the leg.

The side members 11 and 11 each consist of two channel irons welded orotherwise se* cured together so as to give each of thefside members 14to projections side members 11, 11

l members 11, 11 in such 14 which may have the form ofV members in Fig.7. Each side member thus provides an open way 22 and a closed insidebeam The upper ends oit the upper members 14 ot the legs Vare insertedin slots in the beams 23H by securing the upper and retained therein 20extending-trom the .bottoms ofthe beams 23 by pins 21.

Each

two rods 24 whose inner ends may be drawn toward each other by a turnbuckle 25. At Y l the outer end of each rod 24 is an enlarged head 26which is placed inside the beamv 23:. i

TheV

of one oi' the side members 11,l V11. y rods extend through longitudinalslots 27 formed in the inner sides oi' the end portions oic the beams23. By sliding the rods along these slots they may be placed close totheends oit the block A regardless of the length of the block. Each rod 24is clamped to one ot'the beams nut 28 mountedA on the rod. j

Mounted on the side members 11, 11 is a carriage 30 comprising two sideplates 31,

a cross-section of the form shown means ofA oi' the tension members 13comprises l vso 23 by means of a wingl 31 and four cross-bars 32, 33,v34, 35 extend- Y ing between the side plates. YThe cross-bars arefixedly secured to the side plate 31 by means of nuts 36, and are adjustably secured to the side plate 31 so as to permitthe variation of thewidth ot the carriage. The cross-bars 32, 34, 35 extend through sleeves37 secured in the side plate 31 by nuts 36. The outer portion of each oflthe sleeves 37 is split, as best seen in Figs. 3 and 9, and pros videdwith a bolt 38 by means of whiclrit may be clamped tends through it..The cross-bar 33 need not. be clamped to the plate 31, but may be lettfree to slide in a. bushing 39 secured ltothis side plate. i

The carriage 30 is slidably mounted on the wardly from the side plates31, 31 near their bottom edges. The wheels 40 fit closely in the ways 22oi the side members, but sulfi-A cient clearance is allowed to permittheir rolling on the lower surfaces ot' the ways.

In order to prevent the collection of sawon the cross-bar Vthat ex-jv bymeans of wheels 4Q which are mounted on studs 41 extending inv llO dustand shavings in the ways 22 ofthe side manner as `4to obstruct orrenderinaccurate the movement ot the wheels 4()Y inV the ways, `clearingbrushes 43 are provided. The brushes 43 are secured to the side platesof the carriage by means oi longitudinal bars 44 which extend underbrackets 45 secured to the inside 'of the side plates and throughbrackets 46' securedto the brushes. Removable pins 47 preventlongitudinal movement of respect to the lside plates; -The brushes areretained against outward movement on the bars 44 by pins' 48, whilethe-engagement oi" their inner ends with the side plates pre the bars`44V with vents inward movement of the brushes. The bristles of thebrushes 43 are Yforced against the lower sides of the ways 22 by springs49 secured to the back of the brushes and engaging the upper sides ofthe ways.

Means are provided for effecting even and easy movement of the carriagealong the ways 22 of the side members 11, 11'; This movement of thecarriage causes the feeding movement of the cutter as hereinafterVexplained. The means j for .effecting this movement will next bedescribed. Racks 50, 50 are secured along the bottoms of the'sidemembers 11, 11 nea-r their outer edges. These racks are engagedrespectively by pinions 51, 51 mounted on the short stub shafts 52, 52which are journalled in downward extensions 53, 53 of the side plates31, 3l. On the outer end of the stub shafts 52, 52 are mounted sprockets54, 54: which are connected by sprocket chains 55, 55 to sprockets 56,56 mounted on a shaft 57 extending' 'between the side plates 31, 31 ofthe carriage 30. The sprocket 56 is keyed to the shaft 57 in theordinary manner near one end of the shaft which is j ournalled in abushing 58 secured to the side plate 30. In order to permit adjustmentof the width of the carriage, the sprocket 56 is mounted on a. hub 58which is slidably mounted on the shaft 57 and secured against rotationwith respect to the shaft by a key extending into a long keyway 59 inthe shaft. In order to retain the sprocket 56 in alignment with thesprocket 5st regardless of the width of the carriage,

the hub 58 is provided with a circumferential groove 59 and is retainedin fixed relation to the side plate 31 by brackets 60 secured to thisplate and engaging the groove 59. The shaft 57 may be turned by means ofa handle 62 mounted upon the end of it which is journalled in the sideplate 31. It will be noted that when the handle 62 is turned, oppositesides of the carriage are positively moved along the side members 11, 11at the same rate, so that the carriage is not twisted or jammed in theways 22.

Locking mechanism is provided for locking the carriage 36 to the sidemembers 11, 11 after it has been properly positioned on the side railsby means ofthe moving mechanism just described. The shaft 63 of thelocking mechanism extends between the side plates 31, 31 of thecarriage. The shaft is journalled in the side plate 31, and is retainedagainst longitudinal movement with respect to the side plate 31 by meansof a collar 63l iXed to the shaft outside this side plate and an armll64|: keyed to the shaft inside the side plate. In order to permitadljustment of the width of the carriage the shaft 63 is slidablymounted in a hub 63b which is j ournaled in a hole in the side plate 31.The hubv 63b is retained against axial movement in this side plate by acollar 63a which is secured to the-hub 63b and engages the outer surfaceofthe side plate, and an arm 64 extending from Athe hub 63T and lyinginside the 'side plate. The shaft is' secured against rotation withrespect to this.V

hub 63br by the engagementof a. key fixed in the hub with a long keywayin the shaft. The arm 64 is provided with a projection 64 which isconnected by a link 65 to the outer end of a locking lever 66 which ismounted Athe arm 64 is provided with a handle 68 by means of which theshaft 63 may be turned. A spring actuated pin 69 cooperating withholes69a in the side plate 30 serves to retain the handle in anyposition to which it may be turned. From the arrangement described andillustrated, it is apparent that if the handle 68 be moved upwardly thelinks 65, will draw the locking levers 66, 66 out of the vertical sothat their lower ends are clear of the upper surfaces of the side rails11,v 11, permitting free movement of the carriage on the side members.lVhen, however, the handle 63 is pushed down, the locking levers 66, 66are moved toward a vertical position so that their lower ends are forcedagainst the top surfaces of the side members 11, 11. Owing to theleverage provided, the

lower ends of the locking levers may be pressed down with sufficientforce to raise the entire carriage slightly so as to bring the wheels 40of the carriage against the upper surface of the ways 22 of the sidemembers. This serves noty only to lock the carriage against longitudinalmovement on the side members, but to prevent any up and down vibrationof the wheels 40 in the ways'22 when the carriage is locked.

A cross slide 70 is mounted on the carnage so. The Cross site@ 7o isTshapea ini horizontal section as best seen in Figs. 3 and 12, andconsists of a front plate 72 and a.

rear flange 71. Two sleeves 73, 7e, slidably mounted on the cross bars33, 34 of the carriage respectively, and each externally threaded,extend through holes in the back flange 71 of the slide 70 andaresecured thereto by means of nuts 76. v

The cross bars 33, 34- are vertically aligned; but the 'hole 77 in theflange 71 through which the sleeve 73 eXtendsis elongated so as topermit the cross slide 70 to be tipped away from the vertical. A setscrew 79 in a tapped hole in the back flange 71 having its inner endengaging thefsleeve 73 may be used to regulate the degree vto which theslide is tipped from the vertical. It will. be understood that in orderto adjust Ythe angleotl tipV of the slide the nuts 76 are loosened; Theobject Aof the adjustment just described is to provide means for tippingthe tool axis in the direction or the feeding movement, asY hereinafterexplained.

' Means are provided tor moving the cross slide along the cross bars33,34 ofthe carriage. This movement of the slide. eli'ects thetraversing movement ot the cutter in a manner hereinafter described.'The move-- Collars 88 secured to the worm shaft prevent it from slidingin the side plate 31. ','ihe worm is, however, free to slide in itsbearing in the side plate 31 in order to permit oli' theV width ot thecarriage.

A vertical -slide Ais mounted ou the cross slide 70. A verticalguide-way v101 for the slide 100 is secured to the lront plate 7 2 otthe cross slide 70 by means ot bolts 102. ,The holes 103 in the flange72 through which the bolts 102 pass are elongated so as to permittipping the guideway with respect to the cross slide. In order tofacilitate the adjustment of the angle between the guideway 101 and thecross slide 7 0, the guide-way 101 is provided with set screws 104engag-` ing pins 105 projecting from the guide-way 101 into slots 106 inthe flange 72. lt will be understood that in order to adjust this anglethe bolts 102 must be loosened. The object ot the adjustment justdescribed isto i provide means for tipping the tool axis in .thedirection of the traversing movement, as hereinafter explained.

Means are provided for effecting a substantially vertical movementoftheslide 100 in the guide-way 101. ylhese means include a vertical worinshaft journalled in the slide 11.00 and passing through a nut 111'formed integral with the guidewvay 101. The worm shaft 110.is providedwith collars 112 tio-.ifestrain it against verticalmovement with respectto the slide 100 and with a handle 113.

Betachably secured to the front of the vertical slide 100 is a motorcasing 115. The casing 115 is seated against langes'116 proi jectingfrom the front side of the slide 100.

Studs 117 projecting from the casing 115 pass through holes in theslide. Pius 119 passed through holes in these studs 'and engaging therearsurface of the slide hold the casing 115 firmly against the flanges116.

The motor casing 115 contains anelectric .motor of ordina-ryconstruction connected to a cutter sha-ft 120 whichis journalled in theeasing and projects downwardly from the bottom thereof. The bearings ofthisshaft are so arranged that ltlieshaft is pirallel to the directionof movement of the vertical slide 100 in the guidelway 101. it kitslower end the cutter shaft Vcarries a cutter 121 comprising a cutterhead 122 fitted on the end ot the shaft and secured by a pin 123, acircular saw and four olearingblades. The cutting head has adownwardlyand inwardl ta erinO )ortion 1211 which isis uare incross-section, anda disc-shaped bottom portion 125.` A circularsaw 126is secured to the bottom of the disc-shaped portionl'123 by means: ofscrews 127. The saw 126most desirably has its bottom surface 128 madeslightly concave for a purpose hereinafter explained, and its teeth are.most desirably slightly staggered as is usual in circular saws. As theform of saw teeth is well lrnownLthis staggering of the teeth is nottion 124 of the cutter head, each clearing blade 129 lies in a planewhich isinclined to the axis ot the cutter and intersects this axis at apoint below the saw. This `inclination of the blades possesses importantadvantages which are hereinafter explaii'ied7 and there is cooperationbetween the inclination ot the blades and the fitting of .the downwardprojections of the blades in the slots 133 of the disc-shaped portion126, in that the inclination of lthe blades causes the lower ends or'the blades to enter the wood in advance of the rest of the blades'wliilethe thrust thus broughtagainst the lower ends ot the cutting edges oicthe bladesis effectively resisted by the fitting of the downward 'pro-vj ections ot the blades in the slots of the discsliaped portion. y Yeach blade is inclined outwardly toward its rlhe cutting edge 135 VotYlll() lower end and convexly curved asbest vseen in F ig. The positionand vcurvature ot the cuttingedges is such that they lie ina cylindricalsurface coaxial with the cutter- A curved recess 136 is formed intheperiplit ery of the disc-shaped portion r ot the cutter head just infront of thejcuttin'gV edge or' each blade, and the edge 137 Vot eachre'- cess is inclined upwardly so as to direct Vthe shavings removed bythe blade upwardly.

rl`he use and operation of the machinefde-V scribed is as follows Themachine may be taken apart V tor transportation. When brought to theplace in whichit is used it is assembled about the cutting block' A`'in-the following manner z- The legs 12,- 12 are secured to theprojections 20 of theside mem- Levage? 1 bers 11, 11 respectively bymeans of the pins 121. The length `of the legs is adjusted so as tobring the side members a little below the upper surface of the block A.The side members are then clamped .against opposite sides of the blockby means of tension inembers 13. The carriage is then placed in positionupon the side members. The wheels 40 secured to the side plate 31 arefirst. inserted in the way 2Q of the'side member 11 and the side plate31 is then slid along the cross-bars 33, 34, 35 as well as the shafts57, 63, 85 toward the side plate 31 until its wheels are brought intothe way 22 of the side member 11. The side plate 31 is then secured tothe cross bars 32, 34, 35 by means of the clamping boltsv 38. The bars44 and the brushes 43 are then placed in the position illustrated inthedrawing and secured in this position by inserting the pins 47 ,.48.,

The motor casing carrying the .cutter 121 is then secured to .thevertical slide 100 by means of the pins 119.

After the machine has thus been assembled about the block A, thecarriage is moved to a position near the left-hand end of the sidemembers by turning the handle 62, and the cross slide is moved close tothe side plate 31V of the carriage by turning the handle 87. rlhe cutteris thus just behind thev corner B of the block A (Fig. 3). The handle113 is then turned until the saw 127 is at a level slightly below thedeepest trough or indentation inthe cutting surface of the block A.

,The motor driving the cutter shaft 120 is then placed in operation andthe cutter 121 is fed forward by turning lthe handle 62 in ananti-clockwise direction until most desirvably about three-quarters ofthe saw 126 has entered the block. The handle 68 of the lockingmechanism is then pushed clown so that the lower ends of the blockinglevers 86, 66 are forced against the tops of the side members 11. 11locking the carriage against longitudinal movement on the side membersand drawing the wheels 440 of the carriage againstthe upper surfaces ofthe ways 22 so thatrno vibration of the carriage on the rails can occurduring the cutting. A. traversing movement of the cutter across theblockis causedjby turning the handle 87. This handle is turned until thecutter has been traversed clear across the block. rlhe l .carriagelocking mechanism is then released by raising the hand-le 68, and thecarriage 30 is moved backward 'a distance .equal to about onefquarterthe diameter of the saw 126 by turning the handle .62 in a clockwisedirection. thus moving the cutter outwardly, that is Ito say. `in thedirection opposite to its feeding movement. The'carriage is again lockedto the side rails by pushing down the handle 68. and the cutter istraversed backward across the block by turning theliandle 8T, until itreaches the side of the `block against which the rail 11 is secured. Thecarriage is again unlocked by raising the .handlef68, and the cutteristhen fed forbers, the cutter is again traversed across as -I before byturning the handle 162; andthe series of operations is repeated untilthe entire cutting surface of the blockl has been trued.

As each of' the cross-bars 33, 34 upon which the cross-slide 70` moveslies in a plane Vparallel to the plane of the surfaces .ofthe waysA 22on which the wheels 40 .of the carriage 30 travel, the traversingmovement and the feeding movement of the cutter are in a common planewhich, in the machine illus; trated, is a horizontal plane. The saw 126.liesapproximately iny this common plane, that is to say, the sawisapproximately horizon- Ital, but owing to the angle between the guideway101 and the cross slide 70, best seen in Fig. 11, the axis of the cutteris tipped slightly forward from the vertical in the direction of thetraversing movement of the cutter. This inclination of the cutter axisis shown best in Fig. 13. rlhis inclination of the cutter aXis makes thefront edge of the critter slightly lower than the` rear edge so that aclearance is lallowed'between the saw and the surface formed on theblock, except at the front half of the edge of the saw, all or part ofwhich is doing the cutting. concavity of the bottom of the saw. The result` of this clearance is to eliminate friction between the lowersurface of ythe Vsaw `and the block, thus making the load upon the motormuch less than if these surfaces were in Contact, and making it possibleto cut rapidly without danger of burning the surface l of the bloclnThis clearance is increased by the Although `the forward inclination oftliel cutter axis in the direction of the .traversing movement is veryslight, itnecessarily results in causing the saw to cutJ a slightelliptical groove in the block,V at each trave erse. vl have found,however, that grooves and ridges may be avoided anda substan tially trucsurface obtained by inch-ning the ,cutter axis sideways. to a lessextent'than thisl axis is inclined forwardly, iii the direction ofthetraversing movement.v The sideways inclination ofthe critter axisresults from the inclination of the Slide 70 with respect to a verticalplane passing through the axes of the cross-bars 33.34, which is bestseen Vin Fig. 10. The sideways inclination of the cutter anis is'shownin Fig. 14. While.

the sideways inclination ofthe' cuttflsrairis may be in eitherdirection, I nd it most desirable t0 mak@ the Sideweys inclination.011tward, that is to say, in the direction opposite to that. of thefeeding movement, as illustrated in Fig. 14 The result of the twoinclinations of the cutter axis is to make the lowest point of theperiphery of the saw at about the point C (Figs. 3, 14,15) so that thelowest point ofthe elliptical groove formed by the saw is about at thepoint C, as seen in Fig-.14. This results in leaving avery slight ridgeD underthe outer part of the saw after -in 'the manner hereinbeforedescribed,the

saw will'remove this ridge during the backward traverse, so that asmooth surface is formed on the block; The sideways inclination of thecutter axis is essential to a satisfactory removal of the ridge on abacke ward traverse, for if the axis were inclined only forwardlyiii-the direction of the traversing movement, the lower surface of thesaw would be wedged against the ridge during the backward traverse.

gWhen a deep cut is taken, the material left above the saw is removed bythe clearing blades 125. Owing to the taper of the square portion 124 ofthe cutting head `and the.` consequent inclination of the cutting bladeswithrespect to the axis of the cutter, the cutting edge 135 of eachbladeV has a shearing action on the material rto be removed,the Vlowerlend of the cutting edge of the blade being in advancey of its upperend.

4As a result, the material is sliced ofi easily in the form of cleanshavings which aredirected. upwardly bythe blades and by the inclinedsurfaces 137 and thrown out by the rotation of the cutter. The outwardcurve and the inclination ofthe cutting edges 135` which resultsfinforming a vertical surface at the edge `of the cut, also contributes tothis result. Owing to the clean cutting Vor shaving actionY of theclearing blades, these i blades remove the material left by the saw Vto`with very little addition to the load onthc motor. l

It should be clearly understood that my invention is by no means limitedto the specific embodiment of it which has been de scribed. Furthermore,various features of the invention while most advantageously combined asin the embodiment shown may nevertheless under certain Vcircumstances beused separately.

` What is claimed is: Y

1. A method of `forming a Asubstantially flat surface on a block,comprising traversing a circular saw forward and backward across theblock in parallel lines with the axis of the saw tipped slightly forwardIto the with respect to Vthe-forward traverses, and v feeding the sawoutward after cach forward traverse and 'before the next backwardtraverse to such an extent that the lowest pait and traversing movementsof the saw in ay common plane approximately perpendicular tothe axis ofthe saw, the axis of the saw being tipped from perpendicular to saidplane forwardly, and to a less extent'sideways, with Vrespect to thedirection ofthe traversing movement.

f3. A surfacing machine, comprising acircular saw, means for causing afeeding movement` of said saw, means for causing a traversringii'iovement of'said sawiii the sameplane as said feeding movement andina directionV transverse to said feeding movement, adjustable means forvarying the angle be'- tween the axis of said saw andV a perpendicularto said plane in the direction of said traversing movement, andadjustable means for varying the angle between the axis 'of said sawanda perpendicular to said plane in the direction of said feeding movement.

4. A surfacing machine, comprising an approximately horizontal circularsaw,

means for causing feeding and traversing movements of said saw Yin acommon horizontal plane, said saw `being so inclined to said plane thatthe lowest point of theperiphery of said saw is in advance of, and atone vside of, the axis of the saw during the Y 105 AL ..O' U1. Y o. i sur aeing mac iine, comprising an approximately .means for causingfeeding and traversing movements of said vsaw in a common hori-` 110ytraversing movement.

horizontal circular zontal plane, said saw being so inclined to saidplane thatla radius! thereof passingV saw,

vthrough the lowest point of theI periphery thereof lies at an anglo'a1iproximately2%o nient. v

(i. A surfacing machine, comprising. an

approximately horizontal circular saw cone.

sisting of a thin metal disc having periph# .eral saw teeth, means lforcausing a liorifof said saw being concave` andthe axis of l Y said sawbeing inclined forwardly from the direction Vof said traversing move- 'i116V vertical in the direction of the traversing "y,

movement to allow a` clearance between the lower surface of the Vsawandthe surface .formed o n the work `by the saw.- Y A 7. A surfacingmachine, *comprisingl an isc approximately horizontal circular saw, jmeans for causing a horizontal feeding movement of said saw, means forcauSIlg a horizontal traversing movement of said Saw in adirection'perpendicular to said feeding movement, the lowei` surface ofsaid saw being concave and the axis of said saw being inclined from thevertical forwardly, and to a less extent sideways, with 4respect to the.direction of said traversing movement.

8. In a surfacing machine, a cutter comprising a cutting head having aportion polygonal in cross-section, and a disc portion vat one endofsaid polygonal 'portion` containing slots parallel to the sides of saidpolygonal portion, a circular saw secured to the outer surface of saiddisc portion and clearing blades secured Vto the sides of the polygonalportion and having at their forward ends downward projections fittingclosely in the slots of the disc portion, and abutting against the saw,said blades having cutting edges extending along the front ends of saidprojections.

9. In a surfacing machine, a cutter com prising a cutting head having aninwardly tapering` portion polygonalin cross-section and a disc portionat the smaller end of said polygonal portion containing slots parallelto the sides of said polygonal portion, a circular saw secured againstthe outer surface of said disc portion, and clearing blades secured tothe sides of the polygonal portion and having near their front endsdownward projections fitting closely in the slots of the disc portionand abutting against the saw, said blades having cutting edges extendingalong the front ends of said projections.

10. In a block surfacing machine, the combination with a frame includingtwo side members and adjustable means for clamping them against thesides of a block, of a carrier comprising two vertical side platesslidably mounted on said side members respectively and two cross-barslocated one above the other extending between said side plates andsecured to the side plates so as to retain the side plates parallel toeach other while permitting an adjustment of the distance between them,al cross-slide slidably mounted on said cross-bars, a motor having avertical shaft and mounted on said crossslide, and a cutter mounted atthe lower end of the motor shaft. y

1.1.- In a block surfacing machine, a frame having two parallel sidemembers, means for adjusting the distance between said side members, acarriage having two side plates slidably mounted on said side membersrespectively, means for adjusting the distance between said side plates,a rotatable shaft extending between said side plates and journalledtherein. means for restraining said shaft against longitudinal movementwith respec. to vone of Said side plates.; @8911061589- A .fixed en.said .shaft nea-r one of .said side Yto said Side plate, two stubshaftspivotally k.mounteaih one; onv each of said side plates,

two. sprockets .1.110unted, one on each of Said stub shafts and oneYaligned lwith each of said rst-mentioned sprockets, two pinions,

one fixed on each of said stub shafts, and' two racks, oneextendingalong 4each of said side'fmembers and oneengaged by eachof said pinions.Y

12. 'In a blocksurfacingmachine, a frame having two parallel sidemembers, a carriage having two side pieces slidably mounted on said sidemembers respectively, fmeans for moving said carriage alo-ng said sidemembers, means for locking one of said side pieces to the side member onwhich' it is mounted, separate means for locking the other of said sidepieces to the side member on which it is mounted, and means foractuating said two locking means simultaneously.

13. In a block surfacing machine, a frame having two parallel sidemembers, a carriage having two side plates slidably mounted on said sidemembers respectively,va rotatable shaft extending between said sideplates and journalled therein, two pinions pivotally mounted, one oneach of said side plates, two racks, one extending along each of saidside members and engaged by said pinions respectively, a drivingconnection between said shaft and each of said pinions, a turnable shaftextending between said side plates and journalled therein, two lockingmeans mounted, one on each of saidside plates.

`and each o-f said locking means.

14. In a block surfacing machine, the combination of a frame havingvside members providing parallel ways, a carriage slidably mounted onsaid ways and having two cross-bars, a cross-slide slidably mounted onsaid cross-bars, a member providing substantially vertical ways mountedon said cross-slide, adjustable means for tipping said member withrespect to said cross-slide so as to turn said ways laterally from thevertical, a slide mounted on said ways, a motor casing secured to saidslide, and a cutter mounted in said casing with its axis parallel tosaid substantially vertical ways.

15. In a block surfacing machine, the combination of a frame having sidemembers providing parallel ways, a carriage slidably mounted on saidways andhaving two crossbars lying in a plane perpendicular to the lmeans for tipping said member with respect *planeof said Ways,avci'osssslide slidably mounted on said crss-bars', adjustable means fortipping said slide withrespeot t0 the plane of said cross-bars, a memberproviding substantially -yertical Vways mounted on said .cross-slide,Aadjustable to .said cross-slideV so'as to turn said ways laterally fromthe Vertical, a-slicle'mounted on said ways, a motor ycasing secured tosaid slide, and Va cutter mounted in said f riagejmounted on said'sidemember and havn ysaicl wheel against the upper surface of ing asup-porting wheel in fsaicl-*way-and'* `Vface, andlmeans on saidcarriage 'adapted` i to engagev Ysaicl sidem'ember', lock the carriage7and morev it upwardly so as to press said way to accurately locatervtheplane of the carriage by the upper side ofjtlie'way.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my handv in the presence of"two subscribing witnesses. SIMON MLLER,` Witnesses: Y

y A. L. KEN1- AGNES E. CUNNEEN.

